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\title{Numerical Analsyis of Bulging of Continuously Cast Slabs
\footnote{This work is supported by the Research Grant Council of 
the Hong Kong Polytechnic University.  Research fund No.: 350/369)}}
\author{Zhouchen Lin, T.M. Shih \\
Department of Applied Mathematics, \\
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University}
\date{}
\maketitle
Continuous casting is a revolutionary technology of steel production.  To
guarantee the quality of steel, the solidifying process should be studied
and controlled.  Both theory and experiment have shown that excessive
stress inside the stell strand, which results from thermal contraction,
bending and bulging of the solidified shell, can cause internal and 
surface cracks.  The bulging of the shell is in general a visco-elasto-plastic
phenomenon couple with phase change. In this paper, the theory of elasticity 
is applied to study numerically the bulging behavior of the shell between
consecutvie supporting rollers. Considering the geometry of the steel slab,
both heat transfer and stress analysis are simplified to two-dimensional
problems. Furthermore, the heat transfer process can be treated independently
of the deformation.  With these simplications, numerical results are 
obtained.

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